Half salt and half baking soda; the salt polishes your teeth while the baking soda cleans them. And I've got to say it tastes horrible, so if you decide to try it make sure you have your mouthwash at the ready. Personally I use Tom's of Maine mouthwash, no extra chemicals, they give 10% of profits to earth and humane programs and they provide a complete ingredient list (online but it is available).
Salt and baking soda are products that you already have around the house so you aren't paying extra for them. Together they really get the job done. I've been using it for about a week now and I've gotten use to the taste, still don't like it but at least I can handle it. My teeth feel just as clean as any other toothpaste I've used but I do suggest using a softer bristle toothbrush. This toothpaste alternative is pretty harsh on the mouth already and do not use if you have open sores in or near your mouth!
I have yet to ask my dentist about this alternative, I plan to during my next appointment.